【分享】Debian 9 / Debian 8使用源安装LEMP教程

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Debian 9代号Stretch在2017年6月18号正式发布，由于是最新的系统，原来基于Dotdeb安装最新LEMP的教程已经过时，本文将介绍使用官方源和第三方源在Debian 9.x Stretch安装最新版LEMP的教程，并且可以自行选择PHP版本。

PS：本文同时适用于Debian 8.x Jessie如果您的服务商暂未提供Debian 9.x也可以凑合一用

以下操作推荐在root用户下完成，请使用sudo -i切换到root用户进行操作

如图1所示，更新系统并安装部分必要软件

sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install curl vim wget unzip apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

12	sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install curl vim wget unzip apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

 

如果你通过iso方式安装Debian 9并且设置了root密码，则默认不带sudo包，使用apt-get install sudo安装即可

当然您也可以加入Backports源，方便安装更新的软件

sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list << EOF deb http://deb.debian.org/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports main EOF

1234	sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list << EOFdeb http://deb.debian.org/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports maindeb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports mainEOF

 

的国内机器可以用中科大的源

sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list << EOF deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports main deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports main EOF

1234	sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list << EOFdeb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports maindeb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian $(lsb_release -sc)-backports mainEOF

 

然后执行升级

sudo apt-get -t stretch-backports update && apt-get -t stretch-backports upgrade

1	sudo apt-get -t stretch-backports update && apt-get -t stretch-backports upgrade

 

2，增加Ond?ejSury大神打包的Nginx源并安装

这里我们推荐Ond?ejSury大神打包的Nginx源，这货是一个来自捷克的大佬

2.1首先增加Key

sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/nginx-mainline.gpg https://packages.sury.org/nginx-mainline/apt.gpg

1	sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/nginx-mainline.gpg https://packages.sury.org/nginx-mainline/apt.gpg

2.2然后增加Nginx源

sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list << EOF deb https://packages.sury.org/nginx-mainline/ $(lsb_release -sc) main EOF

123	sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list << EOFdeb https://packages.sury.org/nginx-mainline/ $(lsb_release -sc) mainEOF

 

国内机器可以用xTom的香港源

sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list << EOF deb https://mirror.xtom.com.hk/sury/nginx-mainline/ $(lsb_release -sc) main EOF

123	sudo cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list << EOFdeb https://mirror.xtom.com.hk/sury/nginx-mainline/ $(lsb_release -sc) mainEOF

 

2.3接着更新并接安装Nginx

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx-extras

12	sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install nginx-extras

安装完毕后，我们可以使用nginx -v命令看到Nginx已经是最新的1.13.3主线版了

root@debian9 ~ # nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.13.5

12	root@debian9 ~ # nginx -vnginx version: nginx/1.13.5

2.4注意事项

Debian 9的Backports也有小伙伴在更新Nginx，但是更新速度慢，然而由于Backports优先级较高，万一两边版本号一样的时候，会默认更新Backports仓库，所以我们有必要把Backports的优先级降低

sudo cat >> /etc/apt/preferences << EOF Package: nginx* Pin: release a=stretch-backports Pin-Priority: 499 EOF

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sudo cat >> /etc/apt/preferences << EOFPackage: nginx*Pin: release a=stretch-backportsPin-Priority: 499EOF

 

另外默认没有设置系统启动，需要我们手工加入

sudo systemctl enable nginx

1	sudo systemctl enable nginx

3，增加Ond?ejSury大神打包的PHP源并安装PHP 7.x.

Ond?ejSury大佬打包的PHP源更是好用，Ubuntu的PPA for PHP就是这位大佬做的，当然少不了Debian的源了，下面一步一步来

3.1增加大神的PGP

sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg

1	sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg

3.2加入大神做好的源

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'

1	sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'

 

国内机器可以用xTom的香港源

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://mirror.xtom.com.hk/sury/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'

1	sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://mirror.xtom.com.hk/sury/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'

 

3.3更新系统

sudo apt-get update

1	sudo apt-get update

3.4安装自己需要的PHP版本

这个源目前默认的PHP是7.1.x，如果您需要7.2.x或7.0.x或5.6.x那么请修改对应的PHP版本号（注意配置文件哦）

这里举例WordPress需要的部分PHP包

安装PHP 7.2.x（PHP 7.2开始已经不支持mcrypt组件）

sudo apt-get install php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-zip php7.2-opcache

1	sudo apt-get install php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-zip php7.2-opcache

对应PHP 7.1.x就是

sudo apt-get install php7.1-fpm php7.1-mysql php7.1-curl php7.1-gd php7.1-mbstring php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-xmlrpc php7.1-zip php7.1-opcache

1	sudo apt-get install php7.1-fpm php7.1-mysql php7.1-curl php7.1-gd php7.1-mbstring php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-xmlrpc php7.1-zip php7.1-opcache

对应PHP 7.0.x就是

sudo apt-get install php7.0-fpm php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-xml php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-zip php7.0-opcache

1	sudo apt-get install php7.0-fpm php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-mbstring php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-xml php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-zip php7.0-opcache

对应PHP 5.6.x就是

sudo apt-get install php5.6-fpm php5.6-mysql php5.6-curl php5.6-gd php5.6-mbstring php5.6-mcrypt php5.6-xml php5.6-xmlrpc php5.6-zip php5.6-opcache

1	sudo apt-get install php5.6-fpm php5.6-mysql php5.6-curl php5.6-gd php5.6-mbstring php5.6-mcrypt php5.6-xml php5.6-xmlrpc php5.6-zip php5.6-opcache

如果希望安装其他组件，可以通过搜索看看有没有对应的包

sudo apt-cache search php7.2* | grep php

1	sudo apt-cache search php7.2* | grep php

修改php.ini防止跨目录攻击，如果安装的PHP 7.1.x请相应修改/etc/php/7.1/fpm/php.iniPHP 7.0.x请相应修改/etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.iniPHP 5.6.x请修改/etc/php/5.6/fpm/php.ini

sudo sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini

1	sudo sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini

3.5重启PHP和Nginx

sudo systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

1	sudo systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

对应PHP 7.1.x命令如下

sudo systemctl restart php7.1-fpm

1	sudo systemctl restart php7.1-fpm

对应PHP 7.0.x命令如下

sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm

1	sudo systemctl restart php7.0-fpm

对应PHP 5.6.x命令就是

sudo systemctl restart php5.6-fpm

1	sudo systemctl restart php5.6-fpm

Nginx参考配置文件如下，新建立个?/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com.conf

sudo cat >> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com.conf << EOF server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; # 指定网站目录，可根据自己情况更换，建议放在 /var/www 目录下 root /var/www/example.com; index index.php index.html index.htm; # 默认第一个域名，替换 example.com 为您的域名 server_name example.com; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } # 开启 PHP7.2-fpm 模式，如需要安装 PHP 7.1.x 请修改为 fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock; location ~ .php$ { include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf; fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock; } } EOF

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sudo cat >> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com.conf << EOFserver {          listen 80;        listen [::]:80; # 指定网站目录，可根据自己情况更换，建议放在 /var/www 目录下        root /var/www/example.com;        index index.php index.html index.htm; # 默认第一个域名，替换 example.com 为您的域名        server_name example.com;         location / {            try_files $uri $uri/ =404;        } # 开启 PHP7.2-fpm 模式，如需要安装 PHP 7.1.x 请修改为 fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;        location ~ .php$ {            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;            fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;        }}EOF

到这里基本没有问题，可以直接重启Nginx

sudo systemctl restart nginx

1	sudo systemctl restart nginx

我们的目录在/var/www/example.com，创建一个phpinfo.php并输入phpinfo()函数

sudo cat >> /var/www/example.com/phpinfo.php << EOF <?php phpinfo(); ?> EOF

123	sudo cat >> /var/www/example.com/phpinfo.php << EOF<?php phpinfo(); ?>EOF

 

好了，此时在浏览器输入http://example.com/phpinfo.php，如果经典看到的phpinfo页面则说明安装成功，如果不成功，请仔细对比步骤查找哪里出错或在烧饼博客下方留言

效果如下

4，安装MySQL 5.7.x / Percona Server 5.7.x.

Debian 9.x Stretch默认已经使用?Mariadb，所以这里我们推荐Percona Server，这货已经发布了Debian 9.x Stretch版本

4.1首先，导入Percona Server的官方源

官方按照的教程导入即可

sudo wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-5.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb sudo dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-5.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

12	sudo wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-5.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.debsudo dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-5.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

查看然后一下对应的/etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list文件是否正确

root@debian9 ~ # cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list # # Percona releases, stable # deb http://repo.percona.com/apt stretch main deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt stretch main

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root@debian9 ~ # cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list ## Percona releases, stable#deb http://repo.percona.com/apt stretch maindeb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt stretch main

国内机器可以用xTom的香港源

sudo sed -i 's/repo.percona.com/mirror.xtom.com.hk/percona/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

1	sudo sed -i 's/repo.percona.com/mirror.xtom.com.hk/percona/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

也可以用清华大学的源

sudo sed -i 's/repo.percona.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

1	sudo sed -i 's/repo.percona.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

4.2接着更新一下系统

sudo apt-get update

1	sudo apt-get update

4.3然后直接安装最新版MySQL 5.7.x / Percona Server 5.7.x.

sudo apt-get install percona-server-server-5.7

1	sudo apt-get install percona-server-server-5.7

在弹出的界面里输入两次随机并且强大的MySQL root密码即可，安装成功后检查一下版本

root@debian9 ~ # mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18-16, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using 7.0

12	root@debian9 ~ # mysql -Vmysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18-16, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  7.0

安装完毕后强烈推荐使用sudo mysql_secure_installation命令做一次安全设置，详见Ubuntu Server 16.04.x（Xenial Xerus）安装LEMP / LNMP教程里面的说明，同样其他的配置都是一样的

4.4创建数据库并测试

使用MySQL root用户登陆

sudo mysql -u root -p

1	sudo mysql -u root -p

创建数据库?example_database

CREATE DATABASE example_database DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

1	CREATE DATABASE example_database DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

用户创建33名example_user并赋予权限

GRANT ALL ON example_database.* TO 'example_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '这里改成你要设置的强大的没人能猜出来的随机的密码';

1	GRANT ALL ON example_database.* TO 'example_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '这里改成你要设置的强大的没人能猜出来的随机的密码';

刷新MySQL权限

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

1	FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

没问题以后就可以退出了

EXIT;

1

EXIT;

建立新一个/var/www/example.com/mysql-test.php文件并测试

sudo cat >> /var/www/example.com/mysql-test.php << EOF <?php $dbname = 'example_database'; //MySQL 数据库名 $dbuser = 'example_user'; //MySQL 用户名 $dbpass = '你的强大的没人可以猜出来的密码'; $dbhost = 'localhost'; //安装在本地就用 localhost $link = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die("Unable to Connect to '$dbhost'"); mysqli_select_db($link, $dbname) or die("Could not open the db '$dbname'"); $test_query = "SHOW TABLES FROM $dbname"; $result = mysqli_query($link, $test_query); $tblCnt = 0; while($tbl = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { $tblCnt++; #echo $tbl[0]."&lt;br /&gt; "; } if (!$tblCnt) { echo "MySQL is working fine. There are no tables. More information on https://sb.sb/tag/mysql/"; } else { echo "MySQL is working fine. There are $tblCnt tables. More information on https://sb.sb/tag/mysql/"; } ?> EOF

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sudo cat >> /var/www/example.com/mysql-test.php << EOF  <?php  $dbname = 'example_database';    //MySQL 数据库名$dbuser = 'example_user';   //MySQL 用户名$dbpass = '你的强大的没人可以猜出来的密码';$dbhost = 'localhost';  //安装在本地就用 localhost$link = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass) or die("Unable to Connect to '$dbhost'");mysqli_select_db($link, $dbname) or die("Could not open the db '$dbname'");  $test_query = "SHOW TABLES FROM $dbname";$result = mysqli_query($link, $test_query);$tblCnt = 0;while($tbl = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {    $tblCnt++;  #echo $tbl[0]."&lt;br /&gt; ";}if (!$tblCnt) {    echo "MySQL is working fine. There are no tables. More information on https://sb.sb/tag/mysql/";} else {  echo "MySQL is working fine. There are $tblCnt tables. More information on https://sb.sb/tag/mysql/";}?>EOF

 

创建完毕后访问http://example.com/mysql-test.php如果出现MySQL is working fine. There are no tables.则说明MySQL工作正常。

好了，以上就是基本的Debian 9.x“Stretch”安装最新版LEMP的教程

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