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3.软文推荐
一、查看服务器硬件信息
（1）查看服务器型号、序列号
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep “System Information” -A9|egrep “Manufacturer|Product|Serial”** **
（2）查看主板型号 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode |grep -A16 “System Information$”
（3）查看BIOS信息
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.8 present. Handle 0x0008, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: HP Version: U19 Release Date: 12/27/2015 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 16384 kB Characteristics: PCI is supported PNP is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported 5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Function key-initiated network boot is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supported BIOS Revision: 2.0 Firmware Revision: 2.40
（3）查看内存槽及内存条
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23 Memory Device Array Handle: 0x000A Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 16384 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: DDR4 Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered) Speed: 2133 MHz Manufacturer: HP Serial Number: Not Specified Asset Tag: Not Specified Part Number: 752369-081 Rank: 2 Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V Configured Voltage: 1.2 V [root@Master ~]#
（4）查看网卡信息
[root@Master ~]# dmesg | grep -i Ethernet igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.3.0-k igb 0000:04:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection igb 0000:04:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection igb 0000:04:00.2: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection igb 0000:04:00.3: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection igb 0000:02:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection igb 0000:02:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
（5） 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息
[root@Master ~]# lspci | head -10 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 02) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02) 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02) 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02) 00:02.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02) 00:02.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02) 00:02.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02) 00:03.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02) 00:03.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
二、查看CPU信息
（1）查看cpu型号
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c 40 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz
（2）查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量（物理）
[root@Master ~]# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l 2
（3）系统中实际物理CPU的数量（核数）
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l 40
（4）查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq cpu cores : 10
（5）查看CPU的主频
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq cpu MHz : 1200.000 cpu MHz : 2300.000 cpu MHz : 1200.000
（6）查看CPU的详细信息
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | head -20 processor : 0 //逻辑处理器的ID vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 63 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz //CPU型号 stepping : 2 microcode : 54 cpu MHz : 1200.000 cache size : 25600 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 20 //相同物理封装处理器中逻辑处理器数 core id : 0 cpu cores : 10 //相同物理封装处理器中的内核数 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 15 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc
（7）查看CPU的相关信息
[root@Master ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 40 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-39 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 10 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 63 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz Stepping: 2 CPU MHz: 1200.000 BogoMIPS: 4594.43 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 25600K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-9,20-29 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 10-19,30-39 [root@Master ~]#
（8）查看cpu运行模式
[root@Master ~]# getconf LONG_BIT 64
（9）查看cpu是否支持64bit
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l 40 (结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit)
三、查看内存信息 （1）查看内存硬件信息
root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24 Handle 0x000C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x000A Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 16384 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1 Bank Locator: Not Specified Type: DDR4 Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered) Speed: 2133 MHz Manufacturer: HP Serial Number: Not Specified Asset Tag: Not Specified Part Number: 752369-081 Rank: 2 Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
（2）最大支持多少内存 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -P ‘Maximums+Capacity’
（3）Linux 查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽.每条内存多大：
（4）Linux 查看内存的频率： [root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -A16 “Memory Device”|grep ‘Speed’
（5）Linux 查看内存的详细信息：
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/meminfo |head -20 MemTotal: 131897620 kB MemFree: 414124 kB Buffers: 1040560 kB Cached: 111083180 kB SwapCached: 1320 kB Active: 7637912 kB Inactive: 110607108 kB Active(anon): 4406900 kB Inactive(anon): 1714900 kB Active(file): 3231012 kB Inactive(file): 108892208 kB Unevictable: 10878976 kB Mlocked: 5521652 kB SwapTotal: 16777212 kB SwapFree: 16737536 kB Dirty: 180 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 16999324 kB Mapped: 149020 kB Shmem: 172 kB
（6）Linux 查看内存的使用情况
[root@Master ~]# free -m // -b,-k,-m,-g show output in bytes, KB, MB, or GB total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 128806 123407 5398 0 1015 103474 -/+ buffers/cache: 18918 109888 Swap: 16383 38 16345
四、查看硬盘信息 （1）查看挂接的分区状态 [root@Master ~]# fdisk -l |grep Disk
（2）查看硬盘和分区分布
[root@Master ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 279.4G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 50M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part / ├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /home ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 16G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda6 8:6 0 13.3G 0 part /tmp └─sda7 8:7 0 100G 0 part /usr sdb 8:16 0 83.7T 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 83.7T 0 part /PureDisk
（3）查看硬盘和分区的详细信息
[root@Master ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36468 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000384d9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 7 51200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 7 13061 104857600 83 Linux /dev/sda3 13061 19588 52428800 83 Linux /dev/sda4 19588 36469 135597056 5 Extended /dev/sda5 19588 21677 16777216 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 21677 23415 13962240 83 Linux /dev/sda7 23416 36469 104854528 83 Linux WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdb: 92017.3 GB, 92017310654464 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11187134 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 6029312 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
（4）查看挂接的分区状态
[root@Master ~]# mount | column -t /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda3 on /home type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda6 on /tmp type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda7 on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /PureDisk type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw
（5）查看挂接的分区状态
[root@Master ~]# swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda5 partition 16777212 39676 -1
（6）查看硬盘使用情况
[root@Master ~]# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 99G 561M 93G 1% / tmpfs tmpfs 63G 76K 63G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 45M 38M 4.9M 89% /boot /dev/sda3 ext4 50G 52M 47G 1% /home /dev/sda6 ext4 13G 34M 13G 1% /tmp /dev/sda7 ext4 99G 21G 73G 23% /usr /dev/sdb1 ext4 84T 41T 40T 51% /PureDisk
（7） 硬盘检测命令smartctl
[root@Master ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Vendor: HP Product: LOGICAL VOLUME Revision: 3.56 User Capacity: 299,966,445,568 bytes [299 GB] Logical block size: 512 bytes Logical Unit id: 0x600508b1001cc8a1b9ec4dacc5ab35dc Serial number: PDNNK0BRH9U0AG Device type: disk Local Time is: Mon Feb 5 13:13:33 2018 CST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Error Counter logging not supported Device does not support Self Test logging
五、查看网卡信息
（1)查看网卡硬件信息 [root@Master ~]# lspci | grep -i ‘eth’
(2)查看系统的所有网络接口
[root@Master ~]# ifconfig -a [root@Master ~]# ip link show
(3)查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标
[root@Master ~]# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: FIBRE PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes
(4)查看所有网卡的链路状态
[root@Master ~]# for i in `seq 0 9`;do ethtool eth${i} | egrep 'eth|Link';done Settings for eth0: Link detected: yes Settings for eth1: Link detected: yes Settings for eth2: Link detected: no Settings for eth3: Link detected: no Settings for eth4: Link detected: no Settings for eth5: Link detected: no Settings for eth6: Link detected: no Settings for eth7: Link detected: no Settings for eth8: Link detected: no Settings for eth9: Link detected: no
六、列出所有PCI设备信息
[root@Master ~]# lspci -tv | more -+-[0000:ff]-+-08.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0 | +-08.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0 | +-09.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1 | +-09.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1 | +-0b.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0b.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0b.2 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring | +-0c.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.2 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.4 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.5 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.6 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0c.7 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0d.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0d.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers | +-0f.0 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent | +-0f.1 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent | +-0f.2 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent | +-0f.3 Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
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ll是ls-l的别名，不是Linux系统中的基础命令，所以有些版本系统不支持ll。本篇文章和大家分享一下Linux常用命令ll失效或命令未找到的问题。...